Modifiers
wb‡gœ wewfbœ ai‡bi pre-modifier-Gi D`vniYmn e¨envi
†`Lv‡bv n‡jvt
1. Adjective as Pre-modifier: G‡¶‡Î noun ev noun phrase-Gi c~‡e© GKwU adjective e‡m D³ noun-‡K modify K‡i| Adjective-Gi G ai‡bi
e¨envi‡K attributive
use
ejv nq| †hgb-
(a)
Shimla gave him a beautiful picture.
(b)
It was an attractive football-match.
(c)
Some nice gifts have been bought.
2. Noun as Pre-modifier: A‡bK †¶‡Î noun-I noun- †K modify
K‡i|
hLb `ywU
noun cvkvcvwk
e‡m, ZLb cÖ_g noun-wU wØZxq noun-wU‡K modify K‡i| d‡j,G‡¶‡Î cÖ_g noun-wU noun n‡qI adjective-Gi g‡Zv KvR K‡i| †hgb-
(a)
We went to a book fair.
(b)
I have bought a book about science fiction.
(c)
Trade Fair should be open to all.
3. Participle as Pre-modifier: Avgiv Rvwb, participle me©`v adjective wKsev adverb-Gi KvR K‡i _v‡K| Participle wZb cÖKvi hv pre-modifier wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡Z
cv‡i| G¸‡jv wbgœiƒct
(i) Present
Participle as Pre-modifier:
GwU verb-Gi base form-Gi mv‡_ ing hy³ n‡q MwVZ nq|
GB present participle- wU noun-Gi c~‡e© e‡m adjective-Gi KvR K‡i| †hgb-
(a)
He saw a running train.
(b)
A barking dog seldom bites.
(c)
A drowning man catches at a straw.
(ii) Past
Participle as Pre-modifier: GwU verb-Gi past participle form w`‡q MwVZ nq| GB past participle-wU noun- Gi c~‡e© e‡m adjective-Gi KvR K‡i| †hgb-
(a)
It was a written document.
(b)
I have bought some rotten fishes.
(c)
The signed letter was not sent.
(iii) Perfect
Participle (Phrase) as Pre-modifier: GwU having + verb-Gi past
participle form + Ab¨vb¨ kã w`‡q MwVZ nq| GB perfect
participle phrase-wU †Kvb clause-Gi c~‡e© e‡m D³ clause-wU‡K modify K‡i A_©vr GwU adverb-Gi KvR K‡i| †hgb-
(a)
Having defeated the soldiers, the Captain sent them to prison.
(b)
Having taken her meal, Nowshin went to college.
(c)
Having married, Neela went abroad with her husband.
4. Determiner as
Pre-modifier: Determiner Øviv noun- †K wb‡`©k Kiv nq| mvaviYZ article (a, an, the) Ges demonstrative pronoun (this,
that, these, those) ¸‡jv determiner wn‡m‡e e¨en~Z nq hv noun-Gi c~‡e© e‡m adjective-Gi KvR K‡i| †hgb-
(a) Shushil purchased a
mobile.
(b) The Meghna is a big
river.
(c) She bought that pen
yesterday.
(d) Those players were
playing in the field.
5. Quantifier as
Pre-modifier: Quantifier n‡jv noun-Gi cwigvb (quantity) wb‡`©kK kã| Singular
non-countable noun-Gi quantifier wn‡m‡e mvaviYZ much, little, a little, a great/good/vast/little
amount of, a lot of, a lot, more, less, some, adequate, enough BZ¨vw` e‡m Ges plural
countable noun-Gi quantifier wn‡m‡e mvaviYZ many,
some, few, a great/good number of, a lot of, a lot, three, ten, more, less,
several, adequate, enough BZ¨vw` e‡m| †hgb-
(a) She bought ten books
from the book fair.
(b) I don’t spend much
money unnecessarily.
(c) Many students
attended the seminar.
(d) Bill Gates has a lot
of money.
6. Compound as Pre-modifier:
`yB ev Z‡ZvwaK kã‡hv‡M compound
MwVZ nq hv noun-Gi c~‡e© e‡m adjective-Gi KvR K‡i| Age-old,
brand-new, school-going, out-of-order, out-dated, out-of-date, old-fashioned,
back-dated, so-called, far-sighted, long-sighted, first-class, long-term, short-
term, quickly-done, slowly-passing, multi-coloured, multi- storied, cash-paid,
newly-emerged, above-mentioned, well- constructed, well-paid, well designed,
well-known BZ¨vw` cÖPwjZ KZ¸‡jv compound. †hgb-
(a) Nishat has purchased
a brand-new car.
(b) A hard-working man
can prosper in life.
(c) His father possesses
a back-dated idea.
(d) The govt. has given
long-term loan to the poor.
7.
Possessive as Pre-modifier:
Possessive
n‡jv my, your, his, her, our, their, its, own, Karim’s,
Shamima’s
BZ¨vw`
hv noun-Gi c~‡e© e‡m adjective-Gi KvR K‡i| †hgb-
(a)
Her sister is an MBBS.
(b)
I have already got your idea.
(c)
Everybody knows its price.
8. Adverb as Pre-modifier: Adverb n‡jv below, under, above, up, down,
very, fast, last, early, late, then BZ¨vw` hv noun-Gi c~‡e© e‡m adjective-Gi KvR K‡i| Z‡e quickly, slowly, extremely, very,
fast, last, soon, late, early, instantly, today, yesterday, here, there BZ¨vw` adverb †Kvb verb, adjective, adverb wKsev cy‡iv sentence-Gi c~‡e© e‡m adverb-Gi KvR K‡i| †hgb-
(a)
The then Principal signed this letter.
(b)
The down train will go there.
(c)
The above passage is very difficult.
(d)
This is the very man you like to meet.
(e)
The last man has already left the place.
(f)
That question was very important.
(g)
The lady walks extremely slowly.
(h)
It is a quickly increasing market.
(i)
Instantly he left the place.
(j)
There she was waiting for him eagerly.
B. Post-modifier: †h modifier mvaviYZ †Kvb noun ev noun phrase-Gi c‡i e‡m Zv‡K post-modifier e‡j|
†hgbt Kumkum has bought a book written by
Nazrul.
GLv‡b written by Nazrul GB past participle phrase-wU book- †K modify K‡i‡Q; d‡j written
by Nazrul
n‡jv post- modifier.
wewfbœ
ai‡bi
Post-modifiers: wb‡gœ wewfbœ ai‡bi post-modifier-Gi D`vniYmn e¨envi
†`Lv‡bv n‡jvt
1.
Adjective / Adjective Phrase as Post-modifier: G‡¶‡Î noun ev noun phrase-Gi c‡i GKwU adjective / adjective phrase e‡m D³ noun-‡K modify K‡i| †hgb-
(a) We made the room decorative.
(b) He did not find anything wrong
in her behavior.
(c) All the students present in the
class protested the proposal.
2. Appositive as Post-modifier: hLb `ywU noun ev noun phrase cvkvcvwk e‡m GKB e¨w³, e¯‘ ev cÖvwY‡K eySvq ZLb
wØZxq
noun/noun phrase-wU‡K cÖ_g noun/noun phrase-wUi appositive ev case in apposition ejv nq| D‡jL¨ †h, G‡¶‡Î wØZxq noun/noun phrase-wU cÖ_g noun/noun phrase m¤c‡K© AwZwi³ Z_¨
cÖ`vb K‡i adjective-Gi KvR K‡i| †hgb-
(a) Babor, emperor of
(b) Mr. Robin, the General Manager,
is attending the party today.
(c) Everybody knows Kazi Nazrul
Islam, a great poet in Bengali literature.
3.
Participle (Phrase) as Post-modifier: Participle/Participle phrase me©`v adjective wKsev adverb-Gi KvR K‡i _v‡K| Participle/Participle
phrase
wZb cÖKvi hv pre- modifier-Gi g‡Zv post-modifier wn‡m‡eI KvR Ki‡Z
cv‡i| G¸‡jv wbgœiƒct
(i) Present
Participle (Phrase) as Post-modifier: Verb-Gi base
form-Gi mv‡_ ing hy³
n‡q present participle MwVZ nq| Avevi, verb-Gi base form-Gi mv‡_ ing + Ab¨vb¨ kã w`‡q present participle phrase MwVZ nq| GB present participle (phrase)-wU noun/pronoun-Gi c‡i e‡m adjective- Gi KvR K‡i| †hgb-
(a)
We found the boys playing.
(b)
The man lying on the floor is a patient.
(c)
He saw her going to market.
