Determiners
What are Determiners?
A determiner is a word that comes before a noun to specify quantity, possession, definiteness, or other information. Determiners help in making sentences more precise and meaningful.
Types of Determiners & Their Rules with Examples
1. Articles (a, an, the) – āĻ āύুāĻ্āĻেāĻĻāϏূāĻāĻ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ
Rule 1: Use ‘a’ before consonant sounds.
✅ Example:
- He bought a pen. (āϏে āĻāĻāĻি āĻāϞāĻŽ āĻিāύেāĻে।)
- She is a university student. (āϏে āĻāĻāĻāύ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়েāϰ āĻাāϤ্āϰ।)
Rule 2: Use ‘an’ before vowel sounds.
✅ Example:
- He ate an apple. (āϏে āĻāĻāĻি āĻāĻĒেāϞ āĻেāϝ়েāĻে।)
- She is an honest girl. (āϏে āĻāĻāĻāύ āϏ⧠āĻŽেāϝ়ে।)
Rule 3: Use ‘the’ for specific things.
✅ Example:
- The moon looks beautiful. (āĻাঁāĻĻ āĻĻেāĻāϤে āϏুāύ্āĻĻāϰ।)
- I saw the Taj Mahal. (āĻāĻŽি āϤাāĻāĻŽāĻšāϞ āĻĻেāĻেāĻি।)
2. Demonstratives (this, that, these, those) – āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļāϏূāĻāĻ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ
Rule 1: Use ‘this’ and ‘these’ for things near the speaker.
✅ Example:
- This book is interesting. (āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻāĻি āĻāĻāϰ্āώāĻŖীāϝ়।)
- These flowers are beautiful. (āĻāĻ āĻĢুāϞāĻুāϞো āϏুāύ্āĻĻāϰ।)
Rule 2: Use ‘that’ and ‘those’ for things far from the speaker.
✅ Example:
- That mountain is high. (āĻāĻ āĻĒাāĻšাāĻĄ়āĻি āĻঁāĻু।)
- Those birds are flying. (āĻāĻ āĻĒাāĻিāĻুāϞো āĻāĻĄ়āĻে।)
3. Possessive Determiners (my, your, his, her, its, our, their) – āĻ āϧিāĻাāϰেāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļāĻ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ
Rule: These determiners show ownership.
✅ Example:
- This is my book. (āĻāĻি āĻāĻŽাāϰ āĻŦāĻ।)
- That is his car. (āĻāĻি āϤাāϰ āĻাāĻĄ়ি।)
- We love our country. (āĻāĻŽāϰা āĻāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āĻĻেāĻļāĻে āĻাāϞোāĻŦাāϏি।)
4. Quantifiers (some, any, much, many, few, little, several, all) – āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāĻŖ āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļāĻ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ
Rule 1: Use ‘some’ in affirmative sentences.
✅ Example:
- I have some money. (āĻāĻŽাāϰ āĻিāĻু āĻাāĻা āĻāĻে।)
- She bought some oranges. (āϏে āĻিāĻু āĻāĻŽāϞা āĻিāύেāĻে।)
Rule 2: Use ‘any’ in negative and interrogative sentences.
✅ Example:
- I don’t have any sugar. (āĻāĻŽাāϰ āĻোāύো āĻিāύি āύেāĻ।)
- Do you have any friends? (āϤোāĻŽাāϰ āĻোāύো āĻŦāύ্āϧু āĻāĻে?)
Rule 3: Use ‘much’ and ‘little’ for uncountable nouns.
✅ Example:
- He doesn’t have much time. (āϤাāϰ āĻŦেāĻļি āϏāĻŽāϝ় āύেāĻ।)
- I have little water left. (āĻāĻŽাāϰ āϏাāĻŽাāύ্āϝ āĻĒাāύি āĻ āĻŦāĻļিāώ্āĻ āĻāĻে।)
Rule 4: Use ‘many’ and ‘few’ for countable nouns.
✅ Example:
- She has many books. (āϤাāϰ āĻ āύেāĻ āĻŦāĻ āĻāĻে।)
- There are few students in the class. (āĻ্āϞাāϏে āĻুāĻŦ āĻāĻŽ āĻļিāĻ্āώাāϰ্āĻĨী āĻāĻে।)
Rule 5: Use ‘several’ and ‘all’ for general quantities.
✅ Example:
- Several people attended the meeting. (āĻ āύেāĻ āϞোāĻ āϏāĻাāϝ় āĻ ংāĻļ āύিāϝ়েāĻে।)
- All students must take the exam. (āϏāĻŦ āĻļিāĻ্āώাāϰ্āĻĨীāĻে āĻĒāϰীāĻ্āώা āĻĻিāϤে āĻšāĻŦে।)
5. Numbers (one, two, three, first, second, third) – āϏংāĻ্āϝা āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļāĻ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ
Rule 1: Cardinal numbers (one, two, three) indicate quantity.
✅ Example:
- I have two brothers. (āĻāĻŽাāϰ āĻĻুāĻ āĻাāĻ āĻāĻে।)
- She bought three apples. (āϏে āϤিāύāĻি āĻāĻĒেāϞ āĻিāύেāĻে।)
Rule 2: Ordinal numbers (first, second, third) indicate position or rank.
✅ Example:
- He finished in first place. (āϏে āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻ āϰ্āĻāύ āĻāϰেāĻে।)
- This is the second time I met her. (āĻāĻি āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ়āĻŦাāϰ āĻāĻŽি āϤাāϰ āϏāĻ্āĻে āĻĻেāĻা āĻāϰেāĻি।)
6. Distributive Determiners (each, every, either, neither) – āĻŦāĻŖ্āĻāύāϏূāĻāĻ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ
Rule 1: Use ‘each’ for individual members of a group.
✅ Example:
- Each student must bring a pen. (āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻ āĻļিāĻ্āώাāϰ্āĻĨীāĻে āĻāĻāĻি āĻāϞāĻŽ āĻāύāϤে āĻšāĻŦে।)
Rule 2: Use ‘every’ for a whole group.
✅ Example:
- Every child needs love. (āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻ āĻļিāĻļুāϰ āĻাāϞোāĻŦাāϏা āĻĻāϰāĻাāϰ।)
Rule 3: Use ‘either’ for one of two choices.
✅ Example:
- You can take either book. (āϤুāĻŽি āϝে āĻোāύো āĻāĻāĻি āĻŦāĻ āύিāϤে āĻĒাāϰো।)
Rule 4: Use ‘neither’ to mean ‘not any of two’.
✅ Example:
- Neither answer is correct. (āĻĻুāĻিāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻোāύোāĻিāĻ āϏāĻ িāĻ āύāϝ়।)
7. Interrogative Determiners (what, which, whose) – āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύāϏূāĻāĻ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ
Rule: These determiners ask questions about a noun.
✅ Example:
- What book do you like? (āϤুāĻŽি āĻোāύ āĻŦāĻāĻি āĻĒāĻāύ্āĻĻ āĻāϰো?)
- Which dress should I wear? (āĻāĻŽি āĻোāύ āĻĒোāĻļাāĻ āĻĒāϰāĻŦ?)
- Whose bag is this? (āĻāĻি āĻাāϰ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ?)
Summary Table of Determiners
Type | Examples | Usage |
---|---|---|
Articles | a, an, the | Defines nouns |
Demonstratives | this, that, these, those | Shows position |
Possessives | my, your, his, her, our, their | Shows ownership |
Quantifiers | some, any, much, many, few, little | Shows quantity |
Numbers | one, two, first, second | Shows numbers & order |
Distributives | each, every, either, neither | Distributes items |
Interrogatives | what, which, whose | Asks questions |