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Showing posts with label Determiners. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Determiners. Show all posts

Determiners

 Determiners

What are Determiners?

A determiner is a word that comes before a noun to specify quantity, possession, definiteness, or other information. Determiners help in making sentences more precise and meaningful.


Types of Determiners & Their Rules with Examples

1. Articles (a, an, the) – āĻ…āύুāϚ্āĻ›েāĻĻāϏূāϚāĻ• āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ

Rule 1: Use ‘a’ before consonant sounds.

Example:

  • He bought a pen. (āϏে āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻ•āϞāĻŽ āĻ•িāύেāĻ›ে।)
  • She is a university student. (āϏে āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ়েāϰ āĻ›াāϤ্āϰ।)

Rule 2: Use ‘an’ before vowel sounds.

Example:

  • He ate an apple. (āϏে āĻāĻ•āϟি āφāĻĒেāϞ āĻ–েāϝ়েāĻ›ে।)
  • She is an honest girl. (āϏে āĻāĻ•āϜāύ āĻ¸ā§Ž āĻŽেāϝ়ে।)

Rule 3: Use ‘the’ for specific things.

Example:

  • The moon looks beautiful. (āϚাঁāĻĻ āĻĻেāĻ–āϤে āϏুāύ্āĻĻāϰ।)
  • I saw the Taj Mahal. (āφāĻŽি āϤাāϜāĻŽāĻšāϞ āĻĻেāĻ–েāĻ›ি।)

2. Demonstratives (this, that, these, those) – āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļāϏূāϚāĻ• āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ

Rule 1: Use ‘this’ and ‘these’ for things near the speaker.

Example:

  • This book is interesting. (āĻāχ āĻŦāχāϟি āφāĻ•āϰ্āώāĻŖীāϝ়।)
  • These flowers are beautiful. (āĻāχ āĻĢুāϞāĻ—ুāϞো āϏুāύ্āĻĻāϰ।)

Rule 2: Use ‘that’ and ‘those’ for things far from the speaker.

Example:

  • That mountain is high. (āĻ“āχ āĻĒাāĻšাāĻĄ়āϟি āωঁāϚু।)
  • Those birds are flying. (āĻ“āχ āĻĒাāĻ–িāĻ—ুāϞো āωāĻĄ়āĻ›ে।)

3. Possessive Determiners (my, your, his, her, its, our, their) – āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļāĻ• āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ

Rule: These determiners show ownership.

Example:

  • This is my book. (āĻāϟি āφāĻŽাāϰ āĻŦāχ।)
  • That is his car. (āĻ“āϟি āϤাāϰ āĻ—াāĻĄ়ি।)
  • We love our country. (āφāĻŽāϰা āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āĻĻেāĻļāĻ•ে āĻ­াāϞোāĻŦাāϏি।)

4. Quantifiers (some, any, much, many, few, little, several, all) – āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāĻŖ āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļāĻ• āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ

Rule 1: Use ‘some’ in affirmative sentences.

Example:

  • I have some money. (āφāĻŽাāϰ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āϟাāĻ•া āφāĻ›ে।)
  • She bought some oranges. (āϏে āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ•āĻŽāϞা āĻ•িāύেāĻ›ে।)

Rule 2: Use ‘any’ in negative and interrogative sentences.

Example:

  • I don’t have any sugar. (āφāĻŽাāϰ āĻ•োāύো āϚিāύি āύেāχ।)
  • Do you have any friends? (āϤোāĻŽাāϰ āĻ•োāύো āĻŦāύ্āϧু āφāĻ›ে?)

Rule 3: Use ‘much’ and ‘little’ for uncountable nouns.

Example:

  • He doesn’t have much time. (āϤাāϰ āĻŦেāĻļি āϏāĻŽāϝ় āύেāχ।)
  • I have little water left. (āφāĻŽাāϰ āϏাāĻŽাāύ্āϝ āĻĒাāύি āĻ…āĻŦāĻļিāώ্āϟ āφāĻ›ে।)

Rule 4: Use ‘many’ and ‘few’ for countable nouns.

Example:

  • She has many books. (āϤাāϰ āĻ…āύেāĻ• āĻŦāχ āφāĻ›ে।)
  • There are few students in the class. (āĻ•্āϞাāϏে āĻ–ুāĻŦ āĻ•āĻŽ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϰ্āĻĨী āφāĻ›ে।)

Rule 5: Use ‘several’ and ‘all’ for general quantities.

Example:

  • Several people attended the meeting. (āĻ…āύেāĻ• āϞোāĻ• āϏāĻ­াāϝ় āĻ…ংāĻļ āύিāϝ়েāĻ›ে।)
  • All students must take the exam. (āϏāĻŦ āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϰ্āĻĨীāĻ•ে āĻĒāϰীāĻ•্āώা āĻĻিāϤে āĻšāĻŦে।)

5. Numbers (one, two, three, first, second, third) – āϏংāĻ–্āϝা āύিāϰ্āĻĻেāĻļāĻ• āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ

Rule 1: Cardinal numbers (one, two, three) indicate quantity.

Example:

  • I have two brothers. (āφāĻŽাāϰ āĻĻুāχ āĻ­াāχ āφāĻ›ে।)
  • She bought three apples. (āϏে āϤিāύāϟি āφāĻĒেāϞ āĻ•িāύেāĻ›ে।)

Rule 2: Ordinal numbers (first, second, third) indicate position or rank.

Example:

  • He finished in first place. (āϏে āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻ…āϰ্āϜāύ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ে।)
  • This is the second time I met her. (āĻāϟি āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤীāϝ়āĻŦাāϰ āφāĻŽি āϤাāϰ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āĻĻেāĻ–া āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ি।)

6. Distributive Determiners (each, every, either, neither) – āĻŦāĻŖ্āϟāύāϏূāϚāĻ• āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ

Rule 1: Use ‘each’ for individual members of a group.

Example:

  • Each student must bring a pen. (āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻ• āĻļিāĻ•্āώাāϰ্āĻĨীāĻ•ে āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻ•āϞāĻŽ āφāύāϤে āĻšāĻŦে।)

Rule 2: Use ‘every’ for a whole group.

Example:

  • Every child needs love. (āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝেāĻ• āĻļিāĻļুāϰ āĻ­াāϞোāĻŦাāϏা āĻĻāϰāĻ•াāϰ।)

Rule 3: Use ‘either’ for one of two choices.

Example:

  • You can take either book. (āϤুāĻŽি āϝে āĻ•োāύো āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻŦāχ āύিāϤে āĻĒাāϰো।)

Rule 4: Use ‘neither’ to mean ‘not any of two’.

Example:

  • Neither answer is correct. (āĻĻুāϟিāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻ•োāύোāϟিāχ āϏāĻ িāĻ• āύāϝ়।)

7. Interrogative Determiners (what, which, whose) – āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύāϏূāϚāĻ• āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ

Rule: These determiners ask questions about a noun.

Example:

  • What book do you like? (āϤুāĻŽি āĻ•োāύ āĻŦāχāϟি āĻĒāĻ›āύ্āĻĻ āĻ•āϰো?)
  • Which dress should I wear? (āφāĻŽি āĻ•োāύ āĻĒোāĻļাāĻ• āĻĒāϰāĻŦ?)
  • Whose bag is this? (āĻāϟি āĻ•াāϰ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ—?)

Summary Table of Determiners

TypeExamplesUsage
Articlesa, an, theDefines nouns
Demonstrativesthis, that, these, thoseShows position
Possessivesmy, your, his, her, our, theirShows ownership
Quantifierssome, any, much, many, few, littleShows quantity
Numbersone, two, first, secondShows numbers & order
Distributiveseach, every, either, neitherDistributes items
Interrogativeswhat, which, whose

Asks questions